Get your small business set for the new year

We strive to be the complete Small Business solution for all of your accounting needs, which is why we offer our payroll services at very competitive prices.  Our payroll services are customizable and are offered at a flat monthly rate so there are never any surprises with your small business's finances.  Use your preferred method of communication including call, fax, email or uploading time sheets.  Easily access your balanced books, access tip reporting, vendor payments and convenient W2 and 1099 production.

• Save time
• Better manage cash flow
• Employees can access services, like pay stub retrieval

Easily, securely, and conveniently take care of payroll issues! 

With flexible payroll options, you can choose a schedule that works for you. Weekly, bi-weekly, semi-monthly options for employees and contractors including direct deposit or checks.  Along with other payroll benefits.

• 401K
• Health Insurance
• Garnishments
• Tax Services
• General Ledger
• Workers Compensation Compliance

Employers have online access to a variety of reports and activities.  Employees have online access to their individual paystubs and W-2’s.  Everyone can pick up the phone and get a prompt and professional response to any payroll related question that arises.  Here are many of the commonly used features that we offer: 

• We can receive and distribute information via an online portal, e-mail, phone, fax, or in person at our office
• Pay employees with paper checks or direct deposit
• Automated filing of all quarterly and annual reports
• Automated payment via bank draft for tax remittance
• Both you and your employees have access to custom online dashboards
• We handle all types of employee deductions including pre/after tax health insurance, employee advance repayments, garnishments
• Tip reporting
• Compliance with tip-to-minimum

We love working with you! 

As always, we believe that our customer service is what gives us the edge over our competition.  If you have an issue with payroll, you don’t have to call an 800 number! Email, call us, or come to our office - we’re local! How many other payroll companies get to say that?


Basic Fees and Pricing

Basic Fees and Pricing: 

    $150   -    Setup Fee 

    $125   -    Monthly Payroll 

    $155   -    Semi-Monthly/Bi-Weekly Payroll 

    $195   -    Weekly Payroll 

    $3       -    Per employee, per month fee for total monthly employees over 10 

    $50     -    Annual W-2 base fee 

    $7       -    W-2 fee per employee

New Year, New Payroll Company!

Kick off the new year with a great payroll company! At Accounting Works, we offer competitive pricing and specialize in local customer service. Visit rvapayroll.com to find out how we can improve your payroll services.

9 Avoidable Payroll Mistakes

Engaging employees allows your company to function and grow. But doing so puts employer responsibilities on your shoulders. Running afoul of these responsibilities can trigger penalties, and failing to take advantage of opportunities can cost you taxes, both of which can hurt your bottom line. Here are 10 payroll mistakes to avoid.

Payroll Mistakes to Avoid
Small Business Trends |  Nov 2, 2017  |  By Barbara Weltman

Giving Comp Time
When your non-exempt employees (generally hourly workers) work more than 40 hours in a workweek, you owe them time and a half. You can’t sidestep this obligation by giving them comp time (allowing them to take off the overtime hours worked). Doing so violates the federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA).

Classifying Workers Improperly
If workers are your employees, you owe payroll taxes on their wages and taxable benefits. You can’t avoid these taxes by labeling workers as independent contractors if they truly are employees. Doing so can result in serious tax penalties as well as penalties from other federal and state agencies.  Check IRS guidance on worker classification.

Delaying Last Paycheck
When you terminate a worker or he or she quits, you owe a final payment. While federal law doesn’t require that you pay the worker immediately, state law may. Review the rules in your state. Violating these rules can result in penalties or even legal action.

Reimbursing Travel and Entertainment Under a Non-accountable Plan
If you reimburse employees for the cost of traveling or entertaining on company business, you may be incurring needless employment taxes if you don’t arrange the reimbursement properly. If they simply ask for reimbursement and you pay it, the reimbursement is taxable to them and subject to payroll taxes. If, however, you adopt an “accountable plan,” the reimbursement isn’t taxable to them and you don’t owe payroll taxes; you deduct the T&E expenses. To be an accountable plan, you need to follow IRS guidelines.

Paying Creditors Before the Government
If you’re experiencing a cash crunch, be sure to put the IRS at the top of your list. If you choose to pay the landlord or other creditors instead of first paying payroll taxes, you can become personally liable for all of these outstanding taxes, even if your business is incorporated or a limited liability company. Make payroll taxes a priority so you don’t trigger a trust fund recovery penalty.

Ignoring Unemployment Claims
When a worker leaves the company, he or she may apply for unemployment compensation. If the departure is voluntary, or the worker was terminated for serious misconduct (e.g., sexual harassment of a co-worker, being intoxicated on the job, stealing from the company), he or she isn’t entitled to unemployment compensation. If you fail to challenge erroneous claims, you may needlessly be paying higher state unemployment tax. Check with your state about how to challenge a worker’s erroneous claim for benefits.

Being a Bad Record Keeper
The law requires you to maintain payroll records and make them available to the IRS under certain circumstances. Usually, you must keep records for at least four years. These records include time sheets or other records of hours worked, expense accounts, copies of W-2s and I-9s, accident reports, and any other relevant payroll information.

Failing to Have New Employees Complete Form 8850
You can tell by looking at a new employee whether he or she is from a targeted group that would entitle you to claim the work opportunity credit. Have each new worker complete Form 8850, an IRS form. It is used to pre-screen workers for purposes of the credit. The form must be submitted to your state employment security agency (SESA) no later than the 28th calendar day after the date the member of a targeted group begins working for you. If you don’t, you can’t take the work opportunity credit even if you’d otherwise be entitled to it.

Missing Employment Posters
You are required to display posters for certain federal and state employment laws. If you fail to do so, you can be penalized. The amount depends on the type of poster that’s required to be displayed. Find the federal posters you need from the DOL’s Poster Advisor. Your state labor department can tell you which state law posters to use. Don’t pay an outside company for them. Download required posters from government websites.

A Small Business Owner's Guide to FLSA rules

As a small business owner, it's a big part of running your company to be current with fair labor laws and operational compliance - on top of everything else you have to do!  Instead of putting more on your plate, why not just have a reliable team of experts in your corner to ensure you're up-to-date with all your payroll compliance needs? From the HR Blog at Fuse, here are a few basics on Federal Labor Standard Act regulations.

What is FLSA coverage? Who is covered?

The Fair Labor Standards Act covers certain employees entitled to labor law standards like overtime pay and minimum wage. Employees with FLSA coverage have FLSA non-exempt status. Employees without FLSA coverage have FLSA exempt status. 

Employers pay exempt employees for the job duties they perform, not the hours it takes them to do the work. Therefore, exempt employees are not eligible for FLSA coverage and are not entitled to certain labor standards like overtime pay and minimum wage. There are several considerations that determine employee FLSA status including salary basis, salary level, and duties performed. 

How do you define FLSA status classifications?

FLSA NON-EXEMPT: The provisions of the FLSA cover non-exempt workers for minimum wage standards, overtime pay, and other labor standard protections. Employers must pay their FLSA non-exempt employees the federal minimum wage (at least) for hours worked. For all hours worked over 40 hours in a workweek, the employer must pay non-exempt employees overtime (time and one-half the regular rate of pay).

FLSA EXEMPT: Unlike non-exempt workers, FLSA coverage does not protect exempt workers. Employers pay exempt employees for the job they do, not the hours it takes them to do the work. Simply put, exempt employees are exempt from coverage.

In some cases, other federal labor laws override the FLSA. As a general rule, if another federal labor law governs a job, the FLSA does not apply.

How do you determine FLSA status?

First, you should determine whether the worker is an employee or independent contractor. If you define your workers incorrectly, you could be liable for unpaid taxes and fines.

The IRS provides three Common Law Rules for determining worker status. Is the worker an independent contractor or employee? Ask these questions:

1. Behavioral: Does the company control or have the right to control what the worker does and how the worker does his or her job?
2. Financial: Are the business aspects of the worker’s job controlled by the payer? (these include things like how worker is paid, whether expenses are reimbursed, who provides tools/supplies, etc.)
3. Type of Relationship: Are there written contracts or employee type benefits (i.e. pension plan, insurance, vacation pay, etc.)? Will the relationship continue and is the work performed a key aspect of the business?

If the answer is ‘yes’ to these questions, your worker is probably an employee, not an independent contractor. Though, the IRS says there is no magic formula that determines status. The most important thing to look at when identifying a worker is the entire relationship between the worker and employer. Then, document all information about this relationship.

Once you have determined that your employees, you must now identify their FLSA status: exempt or nonexempt.

There are several considerations that determine employee FLSA status including salary basis, salary level, and duties performed. In order to determine employee FLSA status classification, an employer must answer the questions about the employee and his or her duties. The Department of Labor calls these questions the FLSA exemption test.  

FLSA Exemption Test

To classify employee FLSA status, you must answer the following questions:

1. Does the employee earn a salary?
2. How much does the employee earn per week or per year?
3. Does the employee’s role require certain responsibilities or functions that the Department of Labor considers exempt duties?

While there are a few exceptions, employees must meet all three of the tests above to be considered exempt from FLSA coverage (meaning NOT covered by the FLSA). There are some exceptions, however, where other federal labor laws override FLSA coverage. The FLSA states that, as a general rule, if a job is governed by another federal labor law, the FLSA does not apply. 

An employee passes the FLSA exemption test if:

• The employee receives pay on a salary basis.
• The employee earns at least $23,600 per year or $455 per week. (If the DOL's Final Rule takes effect, the threshold will increase to $47,476 per year or $913 per week.)
• The employee performs exempt job duties.

The DOL’s exempt duties typically include these roles:

• Executive
• Administrative
• Learned Professional
• Creative Professional
• Computer Professional
• Outside Sales

Salary Basis Test

Is the employee paid on a salary basis?

An employee paid on a salary basis earns a guaranteed minimum amount of payment for any amount of work done in a given week. This minimum payment includes accrued PTO days for vacation and sick days. Salaried employees may earn above the guaranteed minimum amount of pay through bonuses or other incentives but they may never earn less. 

There are permissable and impermissable reductions in salary basis level for employees. Permissable reductions could include docked pay due to disciplinary suspension or an employee taking more sick/personal days than he/she has accrued. This does not affect an employee's FLSA exempt status. If an employer docks an employee's pay for impermissable reasons (and the employee does not reach the guaranteed minimum amount of payment), it would have an effect on that employee's FLSA status and the employee would be classified with FLSA nonexempt status. 

Salary Level Test

Does the employee earn above the salary threshold? 

If an employee earns a salary above the FLSA threshold of $23,600 per year ($455 per week), the employee is exempt from overtime pay and other FLSA coverage. Remember, if the DOL's new overtime rule takes effect, it will increase this threshold to $47,476 per year ($913 per week).

Duties Test

Does the employee perform "white collar" exempt duties?

The Department of Labor determines exempt duties based on the primary duty and other duties the employee does in his or her job. This is not determined by the employee's job title or description but by the actual work performed. White collar exempt duties typically fall under roles such as executives, administrators, and other professional positions requiring certain degree levels or high-level work.

“Primary duty” as stated by the Depratment of Labor means the principal, main, major, or most important duty the employee performs. Determination of an employee’s primary duty must be based on all the facts in a particular case, with the major emphasis on the character of the employee’s job as a whole.

Executive Exemption

The Executive Exemption includes the following responsibilities:

• Regular supervision of at least two or more other full-time employees.
• Management as the primary duty of the job.
• Has input in other workers' employment such as hiring, firing, and promotions.

Some examples include CEOs, mid-level managers, and shift managers.

Learned Professional Exemption

The Learned Professional Exemption includes primary duties which require advanced knowledge in order to perform including:

• Consistent exercise of judgment and discretion
• Advanced knowledge in the field of science or learning (including law, medicine, accounting, theology, actuarial computation, teaching, architecture, pharmacy, and other occupations distinguished from mechanical arts or skilled trades)
• Advanced knowledge acquired by a prolonged course of specialized instruction.
• Required to analyze, interpret, or make deductions from varying facts or circumstances. 

Note: The DOL states that advanced knowledge cannot be attained at the high school level.

Some examples include lawyers, doctors, teachers, accountants, and clergy.

Administrative Exemption

The Administrative Exemption includes the following primary duties:

• Office or non-manual work directly related to business operations or management
• Exercise of judgement and discretion 
• Support production or line employees and keep the business running without engaging in the production or sales of the actual product or service of the business.

Some examples include Human Resources, Payroll, Benefits Management, Marketing, Public Relations, and certain computer-related jobs. Read more about the FLSA Computer Exemption here.

FLSA and overtime rules FAQs

What is Back Pay?

Back pay is a retrospective payment relating to a prior pay period. This typically happens due to salary increase or incorrect rate of pay in the cases of minimum wage and overtime pay.

Here is a guide from the Department of Labor on FLSA methods employees may take to recover unpaid minimum wage or overtime pay:

(1) The Wage and Hour Division may supervise payment of back wages.

(2) The Secretary of Labor may bring suit for back wages and an equal amount as liquidated damages.

(3) An employee may file a private suit for back pay and an equal amount as liquidated damages, plus attorney's fees and court costs.

(4) The Secretary of Labor may obtain an injunction to restrain any person from violating the FLSA, including the unlawful withholding of proper minimum wage and overtime pay.

If an employee has received any back pay wages under the Wage and Hour Division or the Secretary of Labor has filed suit to recover lost wages, the employee may not bring suit under the FLSA.

What is considered work?

According to the FLSA (and the courts), “work” includes all time spent performing job-related activities which (a) genuinely benefit the employer, (b) which the employer "knows or has reason to believe" are being performed by an employee, and (c) which the employer does not prohibit the employee from performing. These can include activities performed during "off-the-clock" time, at the job site or elsewhere, whether "voluntary" or not.

What is overtime?

FLSA sets a threshold of hours to be worked in a single seven-day workweek at 40 hours. Any time worked over the threshold is considered overtime. Some jobs like, medical or government, may have different thresholds.

When should overtime be paid?

Unless an employee is exempt from FLSA coverage, an employee must receive overtime pay at the rate of time and one-half the regular rate of pay for any amount of time worked over 40 hours in a single workweek. Overtime pay is due in the corresponding pay period for which the overtime work was performed.

Is it illegal to work ‘off-the-clock”?

Yes! Any work performed off-the-clock is illegal. Workers should be paid for any hours worked, whether or not that work is counted on a timesheet. Even work that is not specifically requested but allowed must be compensated. Some of the most common types of the off-the-clock work include:

• Preparation like prep work to open a restaurant before a shift begins or transferring equipment to a worksite.
• Post-shift work that “should have” been completed during the time of the shift.
• Rework a project to correct errors or when project objectives change.
• Administrative work such as paperwork or follow up, even employee training.
• Waiting for work when nothing is immediately available and workers are required to wait for a task.

Under the FLSA Statute of Limitations, how long does an employee have to file a claim for unpaid overtime wages?

With the impending changes to overtime rules, employers and HR managers should be familiar with the rules of FLSA procedures, specifically the FLSA statute of limitations. Do you know how long your employees have to file a lawsuit for unpaid overtime wages?

The basic answer is two years-to-date after the wage violation, unless the employer willfully violated the FLSA, in which case the employee has three years to file.

If the employee experienced ongoing wage violations (not just one time), he or she will only be able to recover unpaid wages (called back pay) for the two years prior to filing the claim.

What is the difference between a wage claim and a lawsuit?

Employees may file a wage claim with the Wage and Hour Division of the DOL and, in some states, employees may be able to file with their state department of labor. A claim does not involve the court system, whereas a lawsuit does. If the claim cannot be resolved, the employee may file a lawsuit—if there is still time under the FLSA statute of limitations. A lawsuit may occur if the claim could not be resolved or if the claim was impractical, in which case an employer may take the suit to court.

Note that some states have different requirements for filing wage claims. In Delaware, for example, employees must file wage claims at least 90 days before the FLSA statute of limitations ends. In New Jersey, employees may claim wages worth $30,000 or less.

FLSA changes to overtime rules have consequences for many businesses in the U.S. Human Resources needs to know all the ways employees may claim back pay for overtime or off-the-clock work and what they could be entitled to under the FLSA statute of limitations.

The original article can be found here!

The Small Business Owner in One Infographic

A great overview of what the small business owner deals with every day! They are pulled in a million different directions on a daily basis - putting out fires, daily operations, employee management, customer service, overworked and not enough time in the day!  According to this infographic from Small Business Trends, 39% of owners find paperwork to be the biggest time waster.  However, it's a necessary evil that no one escapes from! Make it easier on yourself and hire an accounting firm that has your back!

The Many Hats of an Accountant

There are so many facets of an accountant's role in Small Business, the first of which is to get to know yours!  Understanding the different needs of different small businesses is vital to our role in helping them be successful - there is no one-size-fits-all solution as you can read about in the unique solutions we found for Paisley & Jade.  This article sheds light on the many ways we can help you!

Shutterstock

It's a Bird, It's a Plane: The Four Financial Superheroes That Will Benefit Your Small Business
By: Bryce Welker
Forbes.com

Accountants are no longer confined to “bean-counting” tasks. The days of pocket protectors and short-sleeved shirts with ties are long gone. Now, accountants are viewed as superheroes (or violent hitmen if you’ve seen the Ben Affleck movie, The Accountant) who save businesses from financial risks and lead monetization efforts.

Having an accountant by your side as you make business plans for the future is the best way to ensure you are protected from any potential financial dangers. An accountant’s detailed knowledge of trends or tax laws, and his or her fiscal expertise, in general, will take down any villainous threats that could be looming on the horizon.

Not all businesses need a traditional accountant but having someone on your team who really knows finance can help you in a variety of ways. They can act as an advisor who can improve ineffective operational systems that cut company margins. If you are showing quarter-over-quarter growth, you may not be aware of any waste in the design of company procedures. An expert in money management will be able to easily spot inefficiencies and find ways to lower expenses or increase sales.

I realized my accountant was my hero when I began to have more and more time at work after delegating to him. Even though I had accounting knowledge, I needed to concentrate on running other areas of the company. As a CPA and CEO, I knew I had an advantage over other CEOs when it came to financial planning, but I didn’t want to devote too much of my workday to those tasks. An accountant can help with anything from preparing client proposals to pinpointing risks in need of mitigation. A skilled accountant can find missed deductions or help avoid a costly audit by carefully preparing tax filings. And with the changing times, accountants’ roles are also evolving every day.

The Changing Role Of The Accountant

Obviously, key accounting tasks like bookkeeping remain a focus. But technological advancement has prompted a shift away from strictly dealing with numbers to providing broader services that not only calculate, but also analyze. Now, accountants can act as specialists in many areas of business, and clients are welcoming this type of support.

Not all accountants wear capes and wield calculators. Let’s look at some of the undercover financial superheroes:

1. Business Analysts: Accountants are constantly working with data, like the company’s profits and losses. This data is one part of a larger puzzle. Look for a specialist who has the ability to see the details and the bigger picture. The powers of a business analyst can help you synthesize the company’s data and determine how different initiatives fit together. A good business analyst needs to have a strong background in accounting and a knowledge of programming languages like Python.

2. Entrepreneurs: Throughout an accountant’s career, they will experience different business needs and meet all sort of clients. An accountant will start to see the gaps for products or services that don’t exist. And that’s exactly what happened to me: I was a CPA and entrepreneur when I saw a niche that had a need. By having a strong understanding of financial implications when starting a business, accountants can become very successful entrepreneurs. So if you have aspirations to become a entrepreneur, start with a foundation in finance.

3. Investor Relations Specialists: Accountants make great investor relations specialists because of their background in finance and their ability to quickly understand and strategically communicate all elements of the company to different audiences. Look for an investor relations specialist with top-notch communication, analytical and reporting skills if you struggle with clear communication between your company and investors. Not all businesses need this type of specialist.

4. IT Specialists: Like many other things in this world, a lot has changed with technological advancements. Software and information systems play a critical role now more than ever. And in order for any business to be efficient, they need to integrate IT into their business. An accountant's knowledge and experience with multiple IT systems can offer companies valuable insight that can increase efficiency. IT specialists can advise and guide a business on its IT choices and ultimately save the company money by creating more effective systems.

You might not think you need an accountant in the traditional sense. But there are so many ways financial know-how can benefit your company. A CPA will be able to fit into most positions, given their experience and expertise. Even if you don’t have an immediate need, consider opening a line of communication with a CPA who you may want to bring on in the future, at least part time. If your business is growing, it's a smart choice.

Paisley & Jade: Unique Solutions for a Unique Business!

Paisley & Jade, a vintage and specialty rental company, will celebrate their 5th Anniversary of being in business this summer. As a specialty prop house their warehouse stores furniture, accessories, some in-house made specialty items, and lots and lots of chairs! Annually, they supply a gamut of events from weddings, to trade shows, to film, theatre and ads.  Perkins Morgan and Morgan Montgomery, the co-owners of P&J call it, “Hoarding with a business license.” Now that Spring has arrived and events are around every corner, their feet barely hit the ground.  With schedules, logistics and a warehouse of goodies to keep track of, it left the owners little time to worry about their small business accounting needs. After going through a “handful of doozies,” they reached out to Accounting Works owner, Stephen Fishel, to find the solutions they desperately needed.

Photo Credit: Michael Thompson, RichmondBizSense.com

With such a unique and seasonal business, they had some interesting accounting challenges to face. Both Morgan and Perkins knew Stephen as the accountant for a local catering company, where the pair worked prior to starting P&J. After being frustrated with previous accounting firms’ approach, they contacted Accounting Works.




"Something he said always stuck with me," recalled Morgan, “He said that he could always advise on what the right financial decision is, but that might not be the right business decision.”

A custom table top designed and fabricated in-house.

They’ve been working with him for over a year now and couldn’t be happier.

“Off the bat, he offered to come to us, which is huge.” Said Perkins, their previous experience had been with accountants trying to stuff their business model into the rigid guidelines of the way they did things, not the other way around. They recalled a placard mounted in one office that read ‘You can’t fix stupid.’ And that’s how they felt, “They hated questions, they thought we ‘didn’t get it,” and after contacting Stephen, he “apologized for our bad experience,” they said laughing. “We just love Stephen, our meetings with him he makes really fun, jovial and personable.”

Photo Credit: KatelynJamesBlog.com

Morgan had a two-page bullet point list of things they needed to change or fix with their accounting practices.  “We struggled with HOW to do our bookkeeping,” they said, “one trip to Lowe’s could have 10 different categories on one receipt; asset purchase, office supply, warehouse supply…” but after working with Stephen, they came up with a custom method that was much more streamlined, with “way less of a delay to crunch month-end numbers.”

According to the P&J duo, their cash flow improved as well, “he did a great job researching because it’s such a niche business.”  Cash flow is critical to year-long survival for any business with seasonal variability.  “Other accountants blindly guessed, but he took the time to get to know us.”  They noticed an immediate flexibility of resources once they started working with Stephen and implementing the systems they put in place.

A wall of decorative accessories is every designer's dream.

Like Paisley & Jade, many small businesses struggle to find accounting solutions to fit their needs.  And like Paisley & Jade, it’s okay not to fit in one particular box or another! Diversity is the spice of our Richmond community, which is why Stephen of Accounting Works has dedicated his practice to finding practical solutions for small businesses!

To LLC or not to LLC?

If you're thinking about taking the leap this year and finally organizing your business as an LLC, now is a great time to consider it!  It can protect your business as well as offer tax incentives for its members.  Here are some points to consider when deciding how to structure your small business.

LLC: Pros and Cons of a Limited Liability Corporation
By Andrew L. Wang
Nerdwallet.com


The limited liability company was first offered as an option for structuring businesses 40 years ago in Wyoming. By the late 1990s, all states had laws authorizing the organizing of businesses under the hybrid structure. Today, LLCs are growing faster than any other business type, according to the IRS.

What is an LLC?
An LLC is a business structure that combines the simplicity, flexibility and tax advantages of a partnership with the liability protection of a corporation. An LLC can have one or many “members,” the official term for its owners. Members can be individuals or other businesses, and there is no limit to the number of members an LLC can have.

About 2.4 million U.S. businesses identified as LLCs in 2014, according to the latest figures available from the IRS. Take a look at these advantages and disadvantages to help you decide whether an LLC is the right structure for your business.
Small Business LLC Pros and Cons

LLC: The Pros
Choosing to structure your business as an LLC offers a number of advantages:

Limited Liability
Members aren’t personally liable for actions of the company. This means that the members’ personal assets — homes, cars, bank accounts, investments — are protected from creditors seeking to collect from the business. This protection remains in place so long as you run your business on the up-and-up and keep business and personal financials separate.

Pass-Through Federal Taxation On Profits
Unless it opts otherwise, an LLC is a pass-through entity, meaning its profits go directly to its members without being taxed by the government on the company level. Instead, they’re taxed on members’ federal income tax returns. This makes filing taxes easier than if your business were taxed on the corporate level. And if your business loses money, you and other members can shoulder the hit on your returns and lower your tax burdens.

Management Flexibility
An LLC can opt to be managed by its members, which allows all owners to share in the business’s day-to-day decision-making, or by managers, who can be either members or outsiders. This is helpful if members aren’t experienced in running a business and want to hire people who are. In many states, an LLC is member-managed by default unless explicitly stated otherwise in filings with the secretary of state or the equivalent agency.

Easy Startup and Upkeep
Initial paperwork and fees for an LLC are relatively light, though there is wide variation in what states charge in fees and taxes. For example, Arizona’s filing fee for articles of organization is $50, while the fee in Illinois is $500. These variations aside, the process is simple enough for owners to handle without special expertise, though it’s a good idea to consult a lawyer or an accountant for help. Ongoing requirements usually come on an annual basis.

LLC: The cons
Before registering your business as an LLC, consider these possible drawbacks:

Limited Liability has Limits
In a court proceeding, a judge can rule that your LLC structure doesn’t protect your personal assets. The action is called “piercing the corporate veil,” and you can be at risk for it if, for example, you don’t clearly separate business transactions from personal, or if you’ve been shown to have run the business fraudulently in ways that resulted in losses for others.

Self-Employment Tax
By default, the IRS considers LLCs the same as partnerships for tax purposes, unless members opt to be taxed as a corporation. If your LLC is taxed as a partnership, the government considers members who work for the business to be self-employed. This means those members are personally responsible for paying Social Security and Medicare taxes, which are collectively known as self-employment tax and based on the business’s total net earnings.

On the other hand, if your LLC files forms with the IRS to be taxed as an S corporation, you and other owners who work for the company pay Social Security and Medicare taxes only on actual compensation, not the whole of the company’s pretax profits.

Consequence of Member Turnover
In many states, if a member leaves the company, goes bankrupt or dies, the LLC must be dissolved and the remaining members are responsible for all remaining legal and financial obligations necessary to terminate the business. These members can still do business, of course; they’ll just have to start a whole new LLC from scratch.

How to Start Your LLC

• Choose a name: Register a unique name in the state where you plan to do business. To make sure someone else doesn’t have your business name, do a thorough search of online directories, county clerks’ offices and the secretary of state’s website in your state — and any others in which you plan to do business. For a fee, many states let applicants reserve an LLC name for a set period of time before filing articles of organization.
• Choose a registered agent: The registered agent is the person you designate to receive all official correspondence for the LLC. It’s crucial that you nail down who this person will be before filing articles of organization, because states generally require you to list a registered agent’s name and address on the form. Though people within the company are usually allowed to serve in this role, states maintain lists of third-party companies that perform registered-agent services.
• File articles of organization: This is the step that essentially brings your LLC into existence. States request basic pieces of information about your business, which, if you’ve thought through your business plan and structure, should not be hard to provide. You’ll be asked to supply details like name, principal place of business and management type.
• Get an employer identification number: The IRS requires any business that has employees or operates as a corporation or partnership to have an EIN, a nine-digit number assigned to businesses for tax purposes. The rule applies to LLCs because, as creations of state laws, they’re classified for federal tax purposes as either a corporation or a partnership.
• Draw up an operating agreement: Your operating agreement should include specific information about your management structure, including an ownership breakdown, member voting rights, powers and duties of members and managers, and how profits and losses are distributed. Depending on the state, you can have either a written or oral agreement. Many states don’t require one, but they’re a useful thing to have.
• Establish a business checking account: It’s generally good housekeeping to keep business and personal affairs separate. Having a separate checking account draws a bright line between the two. This is critical if you want to mitigate any potential risk to your personal assets if a lawsuit calls into question your business practices.

To view the original article, click here.

Analyzing Income Statements

As a small business owner, it's important to track your growth to remain sustainable. It's much more of a month-to-month task than it is for larger corporations.  But being able to interpret your finances once you track them is equally vital to sustainability. Here are two ways to analyze your income statement as an investor in yourself and your business and to potentially attract outside investors!

2 Ways to Analyze an Income Statement

By John Szramiak 

March 19, 2017

As an investor, you should be digging in to a company’s financial statements.

However, you can’t look at these financials in isolation – it’s important to compare a company’s results to other companies in the selected industry, companies outside of the industry, and against other years to determine whether or not that company might actually be an attractive investment.

This causes difficulties, since it’s hard to compare companies of different sizes. For example, if Company A has $3,000,000 of debt outstanding and Company B has $30,000,000 of debt outstanding, is Company A less risky than Company B? We have no way of knowing, because we don’t know the cash positions of Companies A and B, how profitable Companies A and B are, etc.

Fortunately, there are two forms of analysis that we can perform that will help us look at income statements and balance sheets of different sizes, so that we can compare apples-to-apples – they are: horizontal analysis and vertical analysis.

Both are very easy to understand. Let’s start with horizontal analysis.

WHAT IS HORIZONTAL ANALYSIS?

Horizontal analysis, also called time series analysis, focuses on trends and changes in numbers over time. Horizontal allows you to detect growth patterns, cyclicality, etc. and to compare these factors among different companies.

As an example, let’s take a look at some income statement items for Apple and Google.

It’s almost impossible to tell which is growing faster by just looking at the numbers. So we have to do some calculations. We can perform horizontal analysis on the income statement by simply taking the percentage change for each line item year-over-year.

By using horizontal analysis, we can now clearly see that Google’s revenue, gross profit, and EBITDA grew faster than Apple’s in every year except for 2015. We can even take this one step further by calculating the compound annual growth rate for each line item from 2012 to 2016 (you can do this in Excel by using the function: =rate(nper, pmt, pv, fv)) – this tells us the average rate the companies grew in each year.

Our horizontal analysis (time series analysis) is now officially complete.

WHAT IS VERTICAL ANALYSIS?

Vertical analysis, also called common-size analysis, focuses on the relative size of different line items so that you can easily compare the income statements and balance sheets of different sized companies.

Let’s go back to our income statement items for Apple and Google. Through our horizontal analysis, we know that Google has been growing at a faster and more sustained rate than Apple… but is it a relatively more profitable company? Do both companies profits seem to be sustainable?

To perform vertical analysis (common-size analysis), we take each line item and calculate it as a percentage of revenue so that we can come up with “common size” results for both companies.

Here are just the numbers once again. I’ve added a line for research & development costs as well.

Now, let’s divide each line item by revenue.

So what does this tell us?

For starters, in 2016, Apple generated $0.39 for every $1 dollar in sales it made. Google did much better, generated $0.61 for every $1 in sales it made. However, Google’s other costs (such as sales, marketing, general & administrative, and R&D) are much higher, since Google’s EBITDA margin was 33.7%, compared to Apple’s 34.0%.

We can also look at trends within this vertical analysis. For example, Apple’s gross profit has declined from 43.9% in 2012 to 39.1%, while its R&D expenses as a percentage of revenue have increased from 2.2% to 4.7% over the same time period. This could suggest that Apple is facing tough competitive pressures. Why?

• Trends in gross margin generally reveal how much pricing power a company has. Because Apple’s gross margin is declining, this probably means that (a) Apple is dropping the price of its products to match lower cost competitors, (b) Apple’s costs to produce its products are increasing and Apple is unable to increase prices to offset this, or (c) a combination of both.
• This increase in R&D suggests that Apple is doubling down its efforts to create new, innovative products to offset its competition.

HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE BALANCE SHEET

Just like we performed horizontal and vertical analysis on the income statement, we can also run these calculations on the balance sheet (when performing vertical analysis of the balance sheet, line items are usually taken as a percentage of total assets). The process to calculate these ratios is similar to the examples we went through above and are fairly straight forward.

However, I’ve found that horizontal and vertical analysis of the balance sheet is much less helpful than on the income statement (ratios and YoY growth rates are basically requirements when analyzing any income statement) and can often be distorted by accounting policies (for example, is a debt-to-equity ratio really useful if the equity number used is simply a result of various accounting choices made over the years?).

Rather than calculate a “pure ratio” of the balance sheet, we can instead calculate “mixed ratios” – such as an interest coverage ratio (operating income / interest expense), leverage ratio (debt / EBITDA), or even efficiency ratios like days sales outstanding (DSO) and days payable outstanding (DPO).

Reblogged from BusinessInsider.com. To view original article, click here.

Employee Benefits that Count as Taxable Income

As a small business owner, you always want to save wherever you can, but that doesn't mean cutting corners.  Cutting corners, like NOT hiring a professional to do your taxes or payroll could end up in either losing you money or making an error like deducting employee benefits you shouldn't (Number 6!).  That's why Accounting Works is offering affordable and competitive prices on Payroll Services to all small businesses.  With accounting software that allows employees to download their own W2s and Paystubs, you don't have to worry about going back and forth.  Not to mention our tax expertise to find you opportunities to save money and grow your business.

Credit: Getty Images

7 Employee Benefits You Didn't Know Were Taxable Income
With tax season upon us, it's important to understand what employee perks and benefits will count towards your employees' taxable income.

By Rebecca Wessell

With more perks and benefits becoming standard (and with tax day coming up), it's important to know which perks are considered taxable income for your employees. Here are some perks you may not realized are considered taxable by the IRS:

1. Gym or health memberships
I didn't know this one until recently (when our company offered us gym memberships), but the IRS considers a gym or health membership a fringe benefit, and therefore taxable income. The IRS will tax you on the fair market value of the gym membership, so if the gym membership is $50 per month, your employees will be taxed on that extra $600 per year.

One exception to this is if the gym facility is on-premise or employer-owned. In this case, employees won't typically be taxed on the gym, and the employer can usually write it off as a deduction. This is how big companies like Google can provide truly free gym memberships for their employees.

2. Business frequent flyer miles converted to cash
You probably knew that cash gifts to employees are considered taxable income, but you probably didn't know that the IRS doesn't care how the cash becomes cash in your employee's hands.

If you have a small business or corporate credit card and you allow employees to convert your business's points or frequent flyer miles for cash, that may be considered taxable income.

3. Season tickets
While providing infrequent or one-off tickets to events is considered a "de minimis" fringe benefit (and not taxable), providing season tickets can taxable. Depending on how expensive the season tickets are, this could be a pretty considerable tax burden to your employees.

It may be more cost-effective to your employees to provide the occasional ticket rather than a season pass.

4. Clothing
If you provide clothing to your employee that can replace everyday clothing (i.e., not a uniform), this may also be taxable. This doesn't include providing company t-shirts once a year or small value items.

However, if you frequently give your employees clothing and it amounts to a significant amount, they may need to pay taxes on them.

5. Vacation expenses
With some companies now providing "paid paid vacation" for their employees, you should also know that the IRS considers that a taxable fringe benefit. If your business pays for any vacation expenses for its employees, whether airfare, hotels or meals, this must be included in the employee's gross income.

Another kicker? None of these expenses is deductible to you as the employer.

6. Spousal travel or meals
There are some exceptions to this rule. Namely, the exceptions are if the spouse is also an employee or is there for a genuine business purpose, or if the expense would be deductible by your employee anyway.

Otherwise, any expenses, such as food, lodging or travel, covered for your employee's spouse will be taxed come April.

7. Personal use of employer vehicle
If you provide cars or other vehicles for employees, the employee's personal use of the vehicle will be taxed. This includes commuting to and from work, running personal errands or letting a non-employee use the vehicle.

And it's important to keep good records. Because if you don't keep records on when the employee uses the vehicle for business or personal purposes, then all of the usage will be taxed.

To view original article visit Inc.com

2017 New Tax Laws for Small Business Owners

It's my job as an accountant to help small businesses thrive and plan for their financial future.  Taxes are a big part of the picture, especially if there's a big liability at the end of the year.   There are strategies that can be put into place to avoid this, deductions you may not know about and proactive steps you may take to decrease the impact of the annual tax bill on your small business finances.  Doing it online, especially if you have questions or are unsure of what liberties you can and cannot take when filing, may end up costing you more.  Call a professional to save you time, money and stress!

New Tax Laws That Impacts Small Business Owners in 2017

Published February 3, 2017 Entrepreneur.com

Since it’s always best to be well-prepared when it comes to taxes, here are some of the new changes that you should be aware-of. As with anything to do with the government or taxes -- if you really want to stay-top of this information, meet with your tax advisor and frequently check for updates on IRS.gov.

Keep in mind, this isn’t legal advice as I’m not in that space … but more a few new tax laws for 2017 that I’ve noticed that business owners should pay attention too.

Section 179 expensing/bonus depreciation
Under Section 179 of the tax code, explains Brian McCuller, JD, CPA, “the expensing provision allows capital investments of up to $500,000 for certain property to be taken as an expense deduction -- rather than being depreciated break -- which was made permanent under the PATH Act passed at the end of 2015 -- phases out for asset purchases above $2 million.”

Additionally, HVAC units are now eligible as an expense deduction instead of depreciation in tax years beginning after Dec. 31, 2015.

“The bonus depreciation provision allows businesses to claim additional depreciation for certain property in the first year of the recovery period if placed in service from 2015 to 2019 (with an additional year for certain property with a longer production period),” adds McCuller. “For property placed in service in 2015, 2016 and 2017, the bonus depreciation is 50 percent. For 2018, it drops to 40 percent; for 2019 it goes to 30 percent.”

In other words, if you purchased or leased new hardware or software for your business, for example, you can depreciate half the cost as part of “bonus depreciation.” For 2017, it may be in your best interest to invest in the most up-to-date equipment possible.

Tighter filing deadlines
Filing deadlines have been changed so that flow-through entity return deadlines are due prior investor return deadlines. This means that partnerships and S-corporations operating on a calendar year will have a new deadline of March 15. The deadline for calendar year based C-Corporations will be pushed from March 15 to April 15.

Below is a the complete list of changes to deadlines for each state.

Furthermore, if your business provides health benefits then please note that the deadline for Form 1095, which is the proof of insurance coverage, will be on January 31. Also take note that hard filing deadlines have been imposed for Forms 1094-B and 1095-A, B and C. These are due by February 28 by mail or by e-file on March 31.

New partnership audit rules
Effective in 2018, partnerships could be liable at the entity, as opposed to partner level for audit related tax collections. This change will have a significant impact on how partnership interests are valued and transferred. Because they’re also so complex, it’s best to speak to your tax advisor for additional information.

Expanded eligibility for R&D tax credit
Until the PATH Act, the development of internal use software was not eligible for the research and development tax credit.

Organizations, particularly in construction, software, manufacturing, wine, aerospace subcontracting, boat building and biotech, can qualify for this credit if they have engineers, scientists or product development personnel on staff.

Other qualifications include software that is innovative and can be commercially sold.

Tom Sanger, a partner with accounting and advisory firm Moss Adams, says that, “small businesses, now defined as having an average of less than $50 million in gross revenue over the prior three years, will be able to offset (the alternative minimum tax ) AMT with R&D credits generated after Jan. 1, 2016.”

“This provision opens up the credit to small corporations subject to the AMT, as well as pass-through entities (where the credits flow through to shareholders),” Sanger adds. “In the past, these credits were suspended and carried forward for up to 20 years until they were no longer subject to the AMT.”

Pending estate planning changes
“The IRS has proposed changes in the rules for how minority stakes in family-owned businesses are valued when owners transfer interests to the next generation during their lifetimes,” explains McCuller. “The changes have not been finalized, and business owners who have been considering passing along part of their ownership interests may want to consult with their tax advisors about accelerating those plans to take advantage of current rules.”

Possible tax laws under President Trump
In addition to the changes listed above, business owners should also pay attention to the tax laws that may take effect under President-elect Donald Trump.

For starters, “The Trump plan would reduce the corporate tax rate from a maximum rate of 35 percent to a rate of 15 percent (the GOP Blueprint calls for a U.S. corporate rate of 20 percent),” says accounting, tax and consulting firm Elliott Davis Decosimo. Also, “U.S. manufacturers would be able to fully expense new plant and equipment investments, though by doing so would forego any deduction for net interest expense.

“Most tax credits, other than the research credit would be eliminated. For U.S. taxpayers with foreign subsidiaries, there would be a one-time deemed repatriation tax of 10 percent on foreign earnings of those subsidiaries.”

This could have major tax consequences for small businesses. In fact, Trump’s tax reform will most likely benefit the wealthy and large corporations as opposed to SMBs.

(By John Rampton)

Tax Credits and Tax Deductions: What's the Difference?

As we move through the first quarter of 2017 tax season is already upon us.  If you are concerned with reducing your liability knowing the difference between tax credits and tax deductions can have an impact.  Both of these methods can save you big money but in very different ways.  Check out this article published by NerdWallet to learn how to maximize your savings.

Tax Credits vs. Tax Deductions
Published September 9, 2016

Tax credits and tax deductions may be the most satisfying part of preparing your tax return. Both reduce your tax bill, but in very different ways.

Tax credits directly reduce the amount of tax you owe, giving you a dollar-for-dollar reduction of your tax liability. A tax credit valued at $1,000, for instance, lowers your tax bill by the corresponding $1,000.

Tax deductions, on the other hand, reduce how much of your income is subject to taxes. Deductions lower your taxable income by the percentage of your highest federal income tax bracket. So if you fall into the 25% tax bracket, a $1,000 deduction saves you $250.

The catch to tax credits

Some tax credits are intended to help cover individual costs around adopting a child, child care expenses or caring for an elderly parent.

But these are nonrefundable tax credits.  If you don’t owe a lot in taxes to begin with, you don’t get the full value if the credits take your tax bill below zero.  In other words, a $600 tax bill combined with a $1,000 credit doesn’t get you a $400 tax refund check.

Other credits are refundable. If you qualify to take refundable tax credits — things like the Earned Income Tax Credit, the Premium Tax Credit, the Child Tax Credit and the Additional Child Tax Credit — the value of the credit goes beyond your tax liability and can result in a refund check.

The IRS lays out specific criteria you must meet to qualify for both nonrefundable and refundable credits.

As you run the tax credit calculations in your return, keep in mind that you must determine your tax liability before you apply any credits. The credits don’t reduce your taxable income.

But tax deductions do.

The catch to tax deductions

There are two types of tax deductions.

The standard deduction is a one-size-fits-all reduction in the amount of your income that’s subject to tax. You don’t have to do anything to qualify for the standard deduction or provide any documentation.

You can claim the standard deduction on whichever form you file: Form 1040, 1040A or 1040EZ. The amount varies depending on your filing status. The standard deduction in 2016 for single filers and married couples filing separately is $6,300; it’s $12,600 for married couples filing jointly. For those filing as heads of household, the standard deduction is $9,300. In 2017, the standard deduction for single filers and married couples filing separately is $6,350; it’s $12,700 for married couples filing jointly. For those filing as heads of household, the standard deduction in 2017 is $9,350.

But you may be better off opting to use the second type of deduction, the itemized deduction, instead.

Itemizing allows you to total the amount you spent on allowable deductions such as home mortgage interest, medical expenses or charitable donations. If together they exceed the value of the standard deduction, you’ll want to itemize.  You’ll need to use the regular 1040 filing form and Schedule A.

Taking the standard deduction or itemized deductions is an either/or situation.  You can claim one kind or the other, but not both.

And, just as with tax credits, taking certain deductions requires meeting certain qualifications based on your filing status, current life events and the amount of your income that’s taxable. Be sure you meet IRS criteria to qualify for both tax credits and deductions.


To read the original article, visit NerdWallet.com